Management Principles and Functions
Here is a long write-up that defines and explains all the terms:
Management Principles:
- Division of Work: Specialization and division of tasks to improve efficiency and productivity.
- Authority and Responsibility: Clear definition of roles and responsibilities to ensure accountability and effective decision-making.
- Discipline: A structured work environment with rules and regulations to ensure order and stability.
- Unity of Direction: Aligning all efforts towards a common goal or objective.
- Scalar Chain: A clear hierarchy of authority and communication.
- Order: Organizing resources and personnel to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.
- Equity: Ensuring fairness and justice in treatment of employees.
- Stability of Tenure: Providing job security to encourage employee commitment and loyalty.
Management Functions:
- Planning: Setting goals, objectives, and strategies for achieving them.
- Organizing: Allocating resources, assigning tasks, and structuring the organization.
- Staffing: Recruiting, training, and developing employees.
- Directing: Leading, motivating, and communicating with employees.
- Controlling: Monitoring, measuring, and correcting performance.
Planning:
- Strategic Planning: Developing long-term plans to achieve organizational goals.
- Tactical Planning: Developing short-term plans to achieve specific objectives.
- Operational Planning: Developing plans to manage day-to-day operations.
- SWOT Analysis: Identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to inform planning.
- Forecasting: Predicting future trends and outcomes to inform planning.
- Budgeting: Allocating resources to achieve planning objectives.
Organizing:
- Organizational Design: Structuring the organization to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.
- Departmentalization: Dividing the organization into specialized departments.
- Chain of Command: Establishing a clear hierarchy of authority and communication.
- Span of Control: Defining the number of employees a manager can effectively manage.
Staffing:
- Recruitment: Attracting and selecting qualified employees.
- Selection: Choosing the best candidate for a position.
- Orientation: Introducing new employees to the organization.
- Training and Development: Improving employee skills and knowledge.
Directing:
- Leadership Styles: Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational leadership.
- Motivation Techniques: Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's theory, and goal-setting theory.
- Verbal Communication: Effective communication through spoken language.
- Nonverbal Communication: Effective communication through body language and tone.
- Written Communication: Effective communication through written language.
Controlling:
- Preventive Control: Preventing errors and problems before they occur.
- Detective Control: Detecting and correcting errors and problems as they occur.
- Corrective Control: Correcting errors and problems after they have occurred.
- Feedback: Providing feedback to employees to improve performance.
- Performance Appraisal: Evaluating employee performance to inform development and compensation decisions.
- Quality Control: Ensuring the quality of products or services.
- Financial Planning: Managing financial resources to achieve organizational goals.
- Cost Control: Managing costs to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.
Leadership:
- Leadership Styles: Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational leadership.
- Leadership Theories: Trait theory, behavioral theory, contingency theory, and transformational theory.
Communication:
- Verbal Communication: Effective communication through spoken language.
- Nonverbal Communication: Effective communication through body language and tone.
- Written Communication: Effective communication through written language.
Decision-Making:
- Decision-Making Models: Rational model, intuitive model, and behavioral model.
- Decision-Making Styles: Autocratic, democratic, and consultative styles.
Problem-Solving:
- Problem-Solving Models: Rational model, intuitive model, and behavioral model.
- Problem-Solving Styles: Autocratic, democratic, and consultative styles.
Organizational Behavior:
- Organizational Culture: The shared values, beliefs, and norms of the organization.
- Organizational Structure: The formal and informal relationships between employees and departments.
- Organizational Design: The way the organization is structured to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.
Management Techniques:
- Time Management: Prioritizing tasks and managing time effectively.
- Stress Management: Managing stress and burnout in the workplace.
- Conflict Management: Managing conflict and resolving disputes in the workplace.